
Phonemes are units of sound. When units of sounds are joined together to make up words it is called Phonics. Phonological awareness is a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of sound. Children who have phonological awareness have the ability to recognizing words that rhyme. They can separate words based on sound and decide what sounds words begin or end with. Phonological Awareness is the basis for reading for children. Children begin developing Phonological Awareness by listening to others read aloud and recognizing sounds in words
Phonological Awareness
Hearing and Recording sounds is the first in a three-part assessment that is used primarily to assess the student’s phonological awareness. This assessment can be used as both an informal and formal assessment and should take approximately 15 minutes to conduct. Since phonological awareness is audible, it should be conducted in as quiet an environment as possible. The teacher can choose to conduct this in a small group setting, but individual is preferred. In this assessment, the teacher reads sentences aloud, and the student is to write the words that they hear. The measurement is in what the student is hearing, and the sounds that they make, correct spelling is not important. However, phonological awareness is.
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Found on Michigan Literacy Program Profile
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Can be used as both an Informal and a Formal Assessment
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Targeted for 2nd Grade and below
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Takes approximately 15 minutes to complete
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Due to the audible portion of this assessment it is best conducted individually but can be completed in a small group setting
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This assessment measures what sounds the students are hearing and the sounds that they make in a word
The Phonological Awareness Skills Screener (PASS) Is an excellent tool that assesses a multitude of skills that provide the teacher a clear understanding of the students Phonological Awareness. Originally developed by N. Mather in collaboration with B. Podhajski, D. Rhein, and N. Babur, the assessment is designed to help teachers detect students who are at-risk for spelling and reading difficulties. The assessment is primarily designed for students in Kindergarten through second-grade but can be administered to children in higher grades that are showing difficulty phonological awareness. This is an individual assessment that measures ten different sections and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete.
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Found on City Schools
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Can be used as both an Informal and a Formal Assessment
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Targeted for 2nd Grade and below
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Takes approximately 10 minutes to complete
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This is an individual assessment
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This assessment measures - Word Discrimination - Rhyme Recognition - Rhyme Production - Syllable Blending - Syllable Segmentation - Syllable Deletion - Phoneme Recognition - Phoneme Blending - Phoneme Segmentation - Phoneme Deletion
The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness and Reading: Implications for the Assessment of Phonological Awareness Written by: Tiffany P. Hogan, Hugh W. Catts, and Todd D. Little, is an excellent article on teaching and assessing phonics. This is a researched based article conducted by several speech pathologists who measured a sample of 570 2nd and 4th-grade students. The article offers insight into how everything in reading from letter identification, phonological awareness, phonemic decoding, word reading ties together.
References
Committee, M. I. (2000). Hearing and Recording Sunds. Retrieved from MLPP Michigan Literacy Progress Profile: http://www.misd.net/MLPP/assessments/hearingRecordingSounds/HearingRecording-Sounds-A.pdf
Mather, N., Podhajski, B., Rhein, D., & Babur, N. (2015, 09 18). Retrieved from City Schools: http://cityschoolsesp.net/UserFiles/Servers/Server_152231/File/Phonological%20Awareness.pdf